[von Praunheim.0416.jpg|thumb|Rosa von Praunheim, [[Berlin], 2008]]
Rosa von Praunheim (stage name of Holger Bernhard Bruno Mischwitzky born November 25, 1942, in Riga, Latvia) is an openly gay German film director and gay rights activist. He is considered to be an important representative of postmodern German film. Especially with his documentary film It Is Not the Homosexual Who Is Perverse, But the Society in Which He Lives from 1970, he became one of the initiators of the gay rights movement in Germany.

His films have featured such personalities as Jayne County, Vaginal Davis, Divine and Jeff Stryker.