The
Four Tops are an American vocal
quartet, whose repertoire has included
doo-wop,
jazz,
soul music,
R&B,
disco,
adult contemporary, and
showtunes. Founded in
Detroit, Michigan. as
The Four Aims, lead singer
Levi Stubbs (born Levi Stubbles, a cousin of
Jackie Wilson and brother of
The Falcons' Joe Stubbs), and groupmates
Abdul "Duke" Fakir,
Renaldo "Obie" Benson and
Lawrence Payton remained together for over four decades, having gone from 1953 until 1997 without a single change in personnel.
Among a number of groups who helped define the
Motown Sound of the 1960s, including
The Miracles,
The Marvelettes,
Martha and the Vandellas,
The Temptations, and
The Supremes, the Four Tops were notable for having Stubbs, a
baritone, as their lead singer; most groups of the time were fronted by a
tenor. The group was the main male vocal group for the
songwriting and
production team of
Holland-Dozier-Holland, who crafted a stream of hit singles, including two
Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits: "
I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)" and "
Reach Out I'll Be There". After Holland-Dozier-Holland left Motown in 1967, the Four Tops were assigned to a number of producers, primarily
Frank Wilson. When Motown left Detroit in 1972 to move to
Los Angeles, California, the Tops stayed in Detroit and moved over to
ABC Records, where they continued to have charting singles into the late-1970s. Since the 1980s, the Four Tops have recorded for, at various times, Motown,
Casablanca Records and
Arista Records. Today, save for
Indestructible (owned by
Sony BMG),
Universal Music Group controls the rights to their entire post-1963 catalog (through various mergers and acquisitions).
A change of line-up was finally forced upon the group when Lawrence Payton died on June 20, 1997. The band initially continued as a three-piece under the name The Tops
[Obituary: Levi Stubbs, The Guardian, October 17 2008], before
Theo Peoples (formerly of
The Temptations) was recruited as the new fourth member. Peoples eventually took over the role of lead singer when Stubbs suffered a stroke in 2000 with his position assumed by
Ronnie McNeir. On July 1, 2005, Benson died of
lung cancer with Payton's son
Roquel Payton replacing him. As of 2006, Fakir, McNeir, Payton, and Peoples were still performing together as the Four Tops. Levi Stubbs died on October 17, 2008. Fakir is now the only surviving founding member of the group.